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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 10:19 pm
Time: 10:19 pm
Results for street crime
11 results foundAuthor: CRG Research Title: An Evaluation of Summer Plus: A Cross Departmental Approach to Preventing Youth Crime Summary: Summer Plus 2002 was a behavior improvement program aimed at young people in the U.K. This report presents the findings of a small scale, qualitative study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in reducing street crime in 34 Local Education Authority (LEA) areas across England. Details: Annesley, UK: DfES Publications, 2003. 39p., app. Source: Research Report; no. 392 Year: 2003 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 113781 Keywords: Crime PreventionJuvenile Offenders (U.K.)Street Crime |
Author: Braga, Anthony A. Title: Preventing Violent Street Crime in Stockton, California: A Report to the Stockton Police Department Summary: In 2004, the City of Stockton was identified as the most violent city in California with a rate of 1,362 violent crimes per 100,000 residents. A recent 2005 analysis by the Stockton Police Department (SPD) revealed that Stockton remained the most violent city in California with a violent crime rate of 1,503 (10.4% increase over the previous year). The high violent crime rate has generated considerable concern among Stockton city leaders and residents. A number of factors, such as poverty, lack of education, unemployment, overcrowded jails, illegal drug use, and gangs, have been identified as important contributors to Stockton’s violent crime problem. In August 2005, the Mayor launched a Crime Suppression Initiative that included a series of innovative police strategies to reduce violence and established a Blue Ribbon Crime Prevention Committee to examine issues related to Stockton violence and make recommendations regarding community crime prevention. This study examines the nature of violent street crime in the city, reviews the violence prevention activities of the SPD, and makes recommendations on improving the police department’s response to violent street crime problems. Details: Cambridge, MA: Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2006. 63p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://online.recordnet.com/pdconsultreport_07_06.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://online.recordnet.com/pdconsultreport_07_06.pdf Shelf Number: 119667 Keywords: GangsStreet CrimeViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Welsh, Brandon P. Title: Effects of Improved Street Lighting on Crime Summary: Improved street lighting serves many functions and is used in both public and private settings. The prevention of personal and property crime is one of its objectives in public space, which is the main focus of this review. There are two main theories of why improved street lighting may cause a reduction in crime. The first suggests that improved lighting leads to increased surveillance of potential offenders (both by improving visibility and by increasing the number of people on the street) and hence to increased deterrence of potential offenders. The second suggests that improved lighting signals community investment in the area and that the area is improving, leading to increased community pride, community cohesiveness, and informal social control. The first theory predicts decreases in crime especially during the hours of darkness, while the second theory predicts decreases in crime during both daytime and nighttime. Results of this review indicate that improved street lighting significantly reduces crime. This lends support for the continued use of improved street lighting to prevent crime in public space. The review also found that nighttime crimes did not decrease more than daytime crimes. This suggests that a theory of street lighting focusing on its role in increasing community pride and informal social control may be more plausible than a theory focusing on increased surveillance and increased deterrence. Future research should be designed to test the main theories of the effects of improved street lighting more explicitly, and future light. Details: Oslo: Campbell Collaboration, 2008. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Campbell Systematic Review, 2008:13: Accessed September 8, 2010 at: http://campbellcollaboration.org/lib/download/233/ Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://campbellcollaboration.org/lib/download/233/ Shelf Number: 119765 Keywords: Crime PreventionLightingOffenses Against the EnvironmentProperty CrimeSituational Crime PreventionStreet CrimeThird Party PolicingWildlife Crime |
Author: Cavallaro, James Louis Title: Crime, Public Order and Human Rights Summary: Crime and street violence cross borders, ideologies, classes, ages and gender. In many societies, ordinary crime and victimisation have come to be perceived not merely as a high priority problem requiring technical resources. A new discourse has developed, emphasising crime as a threat to individual personal security and a potential source of state instability. In addition, where crime is a problem, a pattern has emerged wherein as a result of rising crime, hardline law and order policies attract public support. Increasingly, punitive and authoritarian methods of control and punishment are suggested or implemented without much public opposition. This report examines the problems that surges in criminality pose for the provision of security and the safeguard of human rights. While the perspective and responses of authorities are considered, the report focuses on the role of civil society and the particular issues it faces in this environment. The varied responses of the state — from collaborative efforts with civil society to attacks on rights groups, tolerance of police abuse or vigilantism — provide the context in which rights groups must manoeuvre. The main aim is to analyse the challenges that human rights groups must address in the context of rising crime. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: International Council on Human Rights Policy, 2003. 144p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2010 at: http://www.ichrp.org/files/reports/8/114_report_en.pdf Year: 2003 Country: International URL: http://www.ichrp.org/files/reports/8/114_report_en.pdf Shelf Number: 120198 Keywords: Human Rights WorkersStreet CrimeVigilantismViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Duru, Haci Title: Crime on Turkish Streetblocks: An Examination of the Effects of High-Schools, On-Premise Alcohol Outlets, and Coffeehouses. Summary: This dissertation examines the relationships between three specific types of places, including high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, and Turkish coffeehouses, and crime on Turkish streetblocks. Its theoretical framework is grounded in an environmental criminology approach. Research hypotheses are derived from an integration of routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, social disorganization theory, and multilevel criminal opportunity theory. For each of the target places, (high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, Turkish coffeehouses), it is hypothesized that as the number of the target places (e.g., high schools) on a streetblock increases, the number of crimes also increases on that streetblock. Further, this relationship is hypothesized to be moderated by neighborhood level social disorganization variables. The data for this research come from four different sources. The crime data come from the Bursa Police Department, Turkey. The locations of crime incidents and places are plotted on electronic maps of streetblocks and neighborhoods of Bursa. The map files, including the maps of high schools and on-premise alcohol outlets, come from the Bursa Police Department as well. The locations of Turkish coffeehouses come from the Bursa Chamber of Commerce/Coffeehouses. Neighborhood level social disorganization variables come from the Turkish Statistical Institution. The LandScan 2008 Dataset is used to construct a measure of population at risk. The data are analyzed using the multilevel multivariate Poisson modeling (HGLM) technique (Raudenbush and Earl 2002). The research hypotheses are tested for total crimes, as well as for specific types of crime (i.e., violent crime, burglary, theft, auto-theft, and theft from auto). The results of the analyses indicate that, overall, as the number of target places (e.g., high schools) increases on a streetblock, the number of crimes also increases. The strength of this relationship varies by the type of place (i.e., it is strongest in on-premise alcohol outlets models and weakest in high schools models) and the type of crime. This relationship is also moderated by neighborhood social disorganization. More specifically, overall, neighborhood heterogeneity and economic disadvantage strengthens, and neighborhood instability and family disruption weakens the relationship. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed. There are several limitations of this research. These include problems regarding the temporal ordering of the variables and technical issues regarding the map files (i.e., ambiguity regarding some streetblocks, boundary streets, locations of crime incidents and business places), and limited measures of business places and indicators of social disorganization variables. Possible effects of these limitations on the findings are discussed. With these limitations in mind, this study shows that a multilevel criminal opportunity theory is generalizable to Turkish streetblocks and neighborhoods. Details: Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Criminal Justice, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 15, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Year: 7526 Country: Turkey URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Shelf Number: 122737 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNeighborhoods and Crime (Turkey)Routine Activities TheorySocial DisorganizationStreet Crime |
Author: Dur, Robert Title: Status-Seeking in Criminal Subcultures and the Double Dividend of Zero-Tolerance Summary: This paper offers a new argument for why a more aggressive enforcement of minor offenses (‘zero-tolerance’) may yield a double dividend in that it reduces both minor offenses and more severe crime. We develop a model of criminal subcultures in which people gain social status among their peers for being ‘tough’ by committing criminal acts. As zero-tolerance keeps relatively ‘gutless’ people from committing a minor offense, the signaling value of that action increases, which makes it attractive for some people who would otherwise commit more severe crime. If social status is sufficiently important in criminal subcultures, zero-tolerance reduces crime across the board. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor, 2011. 28p. Source: IZA Discussion Paper No. 5484: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2012 at http://ftp.iza.org/dp5484.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp5484.pdf Shelf Number: 126873 Keywords: Broken Windows PolicingStreet CrimeSubcultures, Status ConcernsZero-Tolerance |
Author: Curman, Andrea S. Nemeth Title: Crime and Place: A Longitudinal Examination of Street Segment Patterns in Vancouver, B.C. Summary: The study of crime and place recognizes the important interplay between the physical landscape and criminal activity. In doing so, research in this area has shown substantial concentrations of crime amongst micro geographic units, such as street blocks. Despite these revelations, little research has examined whether such criminal concentrations persist over time. The developmental trajectory of criminal activity on street blocks was originally studied in Seattle, Washington. This dissertation replicates that seminal study by examining crime volumes on the streets of Vancouver, British Columbia, over a 16 year period using a group-based trajectory model (GBTM). Going further, this research also applies a non-parametric technique, termed k-means to address various limitations inherent to the GBTM method. The major findings reveal the majority of street blocks in Vancouver evidence stable crime levels, with a minority of street blocks throughout the city showing decreasing crime trajectories over the 16 year period. Both statistical techniques found comparable patterns of crime throughout Vancouver. A geographic analysis of the identified crime trajectories revealed linear concentrations of high, medium and low decreasing trajectories throughout the city, with the high decreasing street blocks showing particularly visible concentrations in the northeast part of Vancouver. Overall, the results confirm the original conclusions from the Seattle study in that many street blocks evidence significant developmental trajectories of crime and that the application of trajectory analysis to crime at micro places is a strategically useful way to examine the longevity of crime clusters. The results did not support the existence or stability of bad areas, but did find 'bad streets'. It is recommended that police and public safety practitioners pay close attention to the varying levels of criminal activity on street blocks when developing place-based crime prevention initiatives. Details: Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, 2012. 180p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 26, 2014 at: summit.sfu.ca Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: summit.sfu.ca Shelf Number: 132560 Keywords: Crime AnalysisCrime PatternsCrime PreventionGeographical AnalysisHigh Crime AreasHot-SpotsPlace-BasedStreet Crime |
Author: Ring, Jonas Title: Mugging. A study regarding who is victimised, the offence, and the risk factors for robbery among young people Summary: The overall purpose is to map the characteristics and trends in respect of the robberies, as well as to contribute knowledge regarding who is victimised and who commits the offence. The study is based on information from Brå’s Swedish Crime Survey (Nationella trygghetsundersökning) (NTU), which is an annual survey regarding victimisation, addressed to individuals 16-79 years of age. Other material includes the Swedish School Survey on Crime (SUB), which is a self-reported study conducted among students in year nine. Information has also been obtained from a selection of police reports regarding mugging. The central enquiries are Are certain sociodemographic groups more exposed than others? Can one see any risk factors for exposure? How do mugging victims perceive their safety and what is their fear of exposure? When, where, and how are muggings committed? Is it possible to identify any factors which correlate with participation in robbery among young people? Details: Stockholm: Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå), 2016. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: English summary of Brå report 2016:11.: Accessed February 13, 2017 at: https://www.bra.se/download/18.3c6dfe1e15691e1603e1b8ae/1471874269840/2016_11_Muggings.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Sweden URL: https://www.bra.se/download/18.3c6dfe1e15691e1603e1b8ae/1471874269840/2016_11_Muggings.pdf Shelf Number: 147845 Keywords: AssaultsMuggingsRobberyStreet Crime |
Author: Lansdowne Title: Ottawa Gang Strategy: Seeking Solutions to Street-Level Violence. Technical Evaluation Report: Our First Three Years Summary: From 2013-16, the Ottawa Gang Strategy (OGS) offered a roadmap to help Ottawa address gangs and street level violence. This vast partnership - made up of social service agencies, community organizations, police, schools and others - developed and implemented 12 initiatives that address the problem from multiple angles. Together, the partner organizations formed the Ottawa Gang Strategy Steering Committee, which was collectively informed by each group's expertise, knowledge of the issues, networks, resources and determination to work to collaboratively address the problem. This report details the individual project outputs, outcomes and collective results achieved in three years, as set forth in the logic model. As the work on gangs and street level violence continues, this independent evaluation is intended to assist the OGS Steering Committee in transitioning the Strategy to its next phase of implementation based on the shared understanding of the issues and the shifting realities in Ottawa. Details: Ottawa: Crime Prevention Ottawa, 2016. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 16, 2017 at: http://www.crimepreventionottawa.ca/Media/Content/files/Publications/Youth/OGS%20TechEvalReport%20FINAL.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Canada URL: http://www.crimepreventionottawa.ca/Media/Content/files/Publications/Youth/OGS%20TechEvalReport%20FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 146207 Keywords: Gang-Related ViolenceGangsStreet CrimeViolenceViolence Prevention |
Author: Lastauskas, Povilas Title: Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis Summary: Space is important. In this paper we use the global financial crisis as an exogenous shock to the German labor market to elucidate the spatial nexus between crime and unemployment. Our contribution is twofold: first, we lay down a parsimonious spatial labor market model with search frictions, criminal opportunities, and, unlike earlier analyses, productivity shocks which link criminal engagement and employment status. Second, we seek empirical support using data on the 402 German regions and years 2009 - 2010, in a setting that not only allows for crime spatial multipliers but also circumvents reverse causality by exploiting exogenous changes in unemployment due to the crisis. As predicted by our theory, the destruction of the lowest productivity matches, measured by increases in unemployment rates, has a significant impact on pure property crime (housing burglary and theft of/from motor vehicles) and street crime. The analysis offers important implications for local government policy. Details: Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), 2017. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: WORKING PAPER 2/2017: Accessed June 24, 2017 at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1083238/FULLTEXT01.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Germany URL: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1083238/FULLTEXT01.pdf Shelf Number: 146370 Keywords: Burglary Property Crime Street CrimeTheft from Motor Vehicles Unemployment and Crime |
Author: Grasso, Anthony Title: Punishment and Privilege: The Politics of Class, Crime, and Corporations in America Summary: As the global leader in incarceration, America locks up its own citizens at a rate that dwarfs that of any other developed nation. Yet while racial minorities and the urban poor fill American prisons and jails for street crimes, the state has historically struggled to consistently prosecute corporate crime. Why does the American state lock people up for street crimes at extraordinary rates but demonstrate such a limited capacity to prosecute corporate crime? While most scholarship analyzes these questions separately, juxtaposing these phenomena illuminates how the carceral state's divergent treatments of street crime and corporate crime share common and self-reinforcing ideological and institutional origins. Analyzing intellectual history, policy debates, and institutional change relating to the politics of street crime and corporate crime from 1870 through today demonstrates how the class biases of contemporary crime policy emerged and took root during multiple junctures in U.S. history, including the Gilded Age, Progressive Era, New Deal, and post-war period. This reveals that political constructions of street criminals as pathological deviants and corporate criminals as honorable people driven to crime by market dynamics have consistently been rooted in common ideas about what causes and constitutes crime. By the 1960s, these developments embedded class inequalities into the criminal justice institutions that facilitated the carceral state's rise while the regulatory state became the government’s primary means of controlling corporate crime. The historical development of mass incarceration, the corporate criminal law, and regulatory state should not be viewed as autonomous developmental threads, but as processes that have overlapped and intersected in ways that have reinforced politically constructed understandings about what counts as "crime" and who counts as a "criminal." Details: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2018. 494p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 4, 2019 at: https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4860&context=edissertations Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4860&context=edissertations Shelf Number: 155662 Keywords: Corporate Crime Mass Incarceration Politics and Crime Racial Disparities Street CrimeWhite-Collar Crime |